Posted by admin on Jul 22, 2010 in Articles | 0 comments
Electric vehicles are real. They come in a variety of styles and capabilities. The BMW features driving control and style. The Chinese BYD hybrid backed by Warren Buffet’s company has features that enable plug-in hybrid power train flexibility. It has a full battery-powered electric mode. The series-hybrid mode has an engine which drives a generator to recharge the batteries, acting as a rangeextender. There is a parallel hybrid mode, in which the engine and motor both provide propulsive power.
Electric vehicles represent a quantum shift in transportation. The design trajectories are varied; the opportunities are significant as a quantum shift occurs in what the vehicle basic functions are and how the vehicle works. The car companies that leverage the market opportunity to shift to a new paradyne are likely to succeed. There are others who merely try to migrate existing styles and designs to electric vehicles. Buggy whips come to mind.
The ability to plug a car into a hardened backyard set of batteries charged from a solar panel provides relief from gasoline spending. To have a second car, powered by a battery pack promises to provide growth of a new industry. The banks can loan against the car and the solar panel. Solar panels are evolving modular capability where they can be quickly installed and provide electricity for the car.
Investment in electric vehicle infrastructure is a priority. With countries seeking to invest in infrastructure that will provide economic growth, it is clear that special infrastructure for electric vehicles will stimulate growth from the private sector. Electric vehicle market segment is positioned for growth for vehicles used for local driving.
Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ion batteries are poised to achieve significant growth as units become more able to achieve deliver of power to electric vehicles efficiently. Less expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveraging economies of scale and proliferation of devices into a wide range of applications. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, “Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ion battery nanotechnology advances needed to make lithium-ion batteries competitive. Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion research solves the issues poised by the need to store renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch price reductions are poised to drive market adoption by making units affordable.”
Nanotechnology results obtained in the laboratory are being translated into commercial products. The processes of translating the nanotechnology science into thin film lithium ion batteries are anticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs of science in the laboratory have only begun to be translated into life outside the lab, with a long way to go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ion batteries.
Unlike any other battery technology, thin film solid-state batteries show very high cycle life. Using very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteries have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles with very limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles, 95% of the original capacity remained.
Markets for electric vehicles at 685 units in 2008 are anticipated to reach 32.7 million autos shipped by 2015, growing in response to demand for a renewable energy powered vehicle that lowers the total cost of ownership by a significant amount. Lithium-ion batteries used in cell phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools are proving the technology to power electric vehicles. Early electric vehicles are being used as city cars, proving the feasibility of electric cars. Think in Norway has a viable manufacturing operation and 1,000 cars on the road. The large emerging markets are for hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewable energy systems.
Table of Contents :
Figure ES-1
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure ES-2
REVA Electric Car
Table ES-3
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table ES-3 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure ES-4
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Figure ES-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of
Automotive and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Figure ES-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table ES-7
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-7 (Continued)
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-8
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
1. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS
1.1 Auto Industry
1.1.1 Electric Vehicle Economic Forces
1.1.2 Cars Represent 20% Of The US Economic Retail Spending
1.1.3 Electric Vehicle Design Trajectories
1.2 Electric Vehicle EVs
1.2.1 EVs Cost Effective In City Conditions
1.2.2 Lithium-Ion Car Batteries
1.2.3 Private-Public Partnerships
1.3 Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets
1.3.1 Project Better Place and the Renault-Nissan Alliance
1.3.2 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry
1.3.3 Electric Grid Services Market
1.3.4 Portable Power Market, Power Tools
1.4 Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies Transportation Industry Target Market
1.5 Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization
1.5.1 Local Energy Storage Benefit For Utilities
1.6 Applications Require On-Printed Circuit Board Battery Power
1.6.1 Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries
1.7 Smart Buildings
1.7.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors
1.8 Battery Safety / Potential Hazards
1.9 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction
1.10 Battery Is Electrochemical Device
1.11 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy
1.11.1 Characteristics Of Battery Cells
1.11.2 Batteries Are Designed Differently For Various Applications
2. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS
2.1 Electric Vehicle Economic Market Driving Forces
2.1.1 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.1.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.2 Electric Vehicle Market Shares
2.2.1 Daimler Safety Cell
2.2.2 Daimler Smart Car
2.2.3 BYD
2.2.4 Think Environmentally Friendly Vehicles
2.2.5 TH!NK City Safety Concept
2.2.6 Think Overnight Power Top-Up
2.2.7 GM Volt
2.2.8 GM Opel
2.2.9 Tesla Motors
2.2.10 i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi
2.2.11 Mitsubishi
2.2.12 Subaru Selling EVs In Japan In 2009
2.2.13 BMW
2.2.14 REVA Electric Car
2.2.15 Ford Advances Electric Vehicle Technology
2.2.16 Ford Partnership With Utility Industry
2.2.17 Toyota Hybrid Prius
2.2.18 Nissan
2.2.19 Phoenix Motorcars
2.2.20 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
2.2.21 Chrysler
2.3 Electric Vehicles Market Forecasts
2.4 Electric Vehicle Battery Recharging
2.4.1 Changing Electric Vehicles On The Fly
2.5 2008 / 2009 Auto Sales Overview
2.5.1 Korean Cars Succeed In US
2.5.2 Total Vehicles Sold / GM Profile
2.5.3 GM Global Vehicle Sales and Market Share – 2007
2.5.4 Worldwide Automotive Sales For 2007
2.5.5 Deepening Slowdown
2.6 Electric Vehicles As A Very Fancy Golf Cart
2.7 Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
2.7.1 Market Driving Forces
2.7.2 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.7.3 Competitors
2.8 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares
2.8.1 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical
2.8.2 A123Systems Patent for Nanophosphate™ Lithium Ion Battery Technology
2.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts
2.10 Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares
2.10.1 BYD
2.10.2 Johnson Controls-Saft
2.10.3 Saft Battery Technologies
2.10.4 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class Lithium Ion™ Cells:
2.10.5 NEC and Nissen
2.10.6 LG Chem
2.10.7 EnerDel
2.10.8 Competition
2.11 Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts
2.11.1 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry Thin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV Market Thin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer Automotive Batteries
3. ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
3.1 BMW
3.1.1 BMW Second Version Of The Electric Mini
3.2 BYD / MidAmerican Energy Holdings
3.2.1 Warren Buffet – MidAmerican, A Collection Of Electric Utilities In The Midwest
3.2.2 BYD Plug-in Hybrid Power Train Flexibility
3.2.3 BYD E6 Electric Car and F6
3.2.4 BYD E6 Electric Vehicle Specifications
3.3 Tesla Motors
3.3.1 Electric Roadster by Tesla Motors
3.3.2 Tesla Motors Next Generation Model S
3.3.3 Telsa Battery Pack And Frame
3.4 Daimler AG
3.4.1 Daimler Smart Car Model Features
3.4.2 Electric Car by Daimler Mercedes (2010)
3.5 Think
3.5.1 A123Systems / GE Production Contract for Norwegian Think Electric Vehicles
3.5.2 Think Overnight Power Top-Up
3.5.3 TH!NK City Safety Concept
3.5.4 TH!NK City Environmentally Friendly
3.5.5 Thinking Globally
3.6 General Motors
3.6.1 GM Volt
3.6.2 GM Challenge to Battery Developers
3.6.3 GM and A123Systems Co-Develop Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt
3.6.4 GM Cadillac Electric Vehicle
3.6.5 GM / Opel
3.6.6 GM Chevrolet Equinox Fuel-Cell Vehicles
3.7 Miles XS500 Electric Car
3.8 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car to be Sold 1 Year Ahead of Schedule in Japan
3.8.1 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car Specifications
3.8.2 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car Pricing
3.8.3 i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi
3.8.4 Mitsubishi Electric Car i MiEV Coming to Europe
3.8.5 Mitsubishi Electric Car i MiEV Production Plans
3.8.6 i MiEV Electric Car Specifications
3.8.7 i MiEV Electric Car to be Sold 1 Year Ahead of Schedule
3.9 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru R1e Electric Car Source: Subaru.
3.9.1 Subaru Selling EVs In Japan In 2009
3.9.2 Subaru G4e Source: Subaru.
3.9.3 NEC / Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
3.9.4 NEC / Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat Shape
3.10 Electric Supercar by Hybrid Technologies
3.11 Electric Mini by PML
3.12 Electric Car by Nissan (2010-2012)
3.12.1 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries
3.13 REVA Electric Car
3.14 Zenn Low Speed Electric Car
3.15 Commuter Cars Tango Electric Car
3.16 Eliica Electric Car by KEIO University
3.17 Wrightspeed X1 Electric Car
3.18 Saturn SP1 Electric Car Conversion by Students of Napoleon High School
3.19 Toyota Hybrid Prius
3.19.1 Toyota iQ Microcar
3.19.2 Toyota FT-EV Battery Electric Vehicle
3.20 Ford
3.21 Chrysler
3.21.1 Chrysler Town & Country EV
3.21.2 Chrysler Personal Mobility Revolution
3.21.3 Chrysler Dodge Circuit EV
3.21.4 Chrysler Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV
3.22 Phoenix
3.23 Shelby Supercars
3.24 Aptera
4. ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
4.1 Phoenix Motorcars Altairnano Lithium Titanate Battery Technology
4.1.1 Altairnano Battery Comparison
4.1.2 Lead-Acid Battery Technology
4.1.3 Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
4.1.4 Lithium-Ion
4.2 Globalization Model For Electric Cars
4.2.1 Better Place Electric Vehicle Network
4.2.2 Better Place has partnered with AGL Energy in Australia
4.3 EFOY Pro Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Charging Kit
4.3.1 Smart Fuel Cells SFC
4.3.2 Citycom AG’s CityEL
4.4 Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy
4.4.1 Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Characteristics
4.5 Challenges in Battery Design
4.5.1 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries Requirements
4.6 Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning
4.6.1 High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing Facilities
4.7 Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries
4.8 Mobile Phone Industry
4.8.1 Nanowires
4.8.2 Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries
4.8.3 The Cathodes
4.8.4 Solid State Devices Provide More Energy Density
4.9 Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries
4.9.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings
4.9.2 Charging
4.9.3 Applications
4.9.4 Costs
4.10 Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants
4.10.1 Lithium-ion
4.10.2 Lithium-ion Polymer
4.10.3 Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry Variants
4.10.4 Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2
4.10.5 Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4
4.10.6 Lithium Nickel LiNiO2
4.10.7 Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese – Li(NiCoMn)O2
4.10.8 Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4
4.11 Operating Performance Of The Cell Can Be Tuned
4.12 Lithium Metal Polymer
4.12.1 Lithium Sulphur Li2S8
4.12.2 Alternative Anode Chemistry
4.13 ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen Chemical Polyethylene-Based, Porous Film
4.14 Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing
4.15 Thin-Film Batteries Packaging
4.16 ITN Energy Systems Fibrous Substrates, PowerFiber
4.16.1 ITN Sensors
4.17 Cell Construction
4.18 Impact Of Nanotechnology
4.19 Thin Film Batteries
4.19.1 Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs
4.19.2 High Power And Energy Density
4.19.3 High Rate Capability
4.20 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance
4.21 Polymer Film Substrate
4.22 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte
5. ELECTRIC VEHICLE COMPANY PROFILES
5.1 A123 Systems
5.1.1 A123 Systems Revenue
5.1.2 A123Systems Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering
5.1.3 A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
5.1.4 A123 Systems Competitive Advantage
5.1.5 A123 Systems Strategy
5.1.6 A123Systems and GE
5.1.7 A123 Acquisition of Hymotion
5.1.8 Procter & Gamble Duracell and A123 Systems Collaborate
5.1.9 Cobasys and A123 Systems
5.2 Aperta
5.3 Better Place Model
5.4 BMW
5.5 BYD
5.5.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD Chinese Battery Manufacturer
5.6 E-One Moli Energy Group
5.7 Ener1
5.7.1 Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue
5.7.2 Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally Pioneered By Argonne National Lab
5.7.3 Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Korean Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer
5.7.4 Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing Large Format Flat (“Prismatic”) Cells
5.7.5 EnerDel Operations
5.8 Ford
5.8.1 Ford Electric Vehicle Positioning
5.8.2 Ford’s Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy
5.8.3 Ford Partnership With Southern California Edison Electric Utility
5.8.4 Ford Partnership with Johnson Controls-Saft for Thin Film Batteries
5.8.5 Ford Partnership with Utility Industry
5.8.6 Building A Business Case
5.8.7 Governments Of Japan, China, Korea, And India Significantly Funding EV Research
5.8.8 Ford Energy Future Vision
5.9 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
5.9.1 Subaru of America
5.9.2 Subaru of America Revenue 2008
5.10 General Motors
5.10.1 General Motors Factory In Michigan To Build Battery Packs
5.10.2 GM 2008 Global Sales of 8.35 Million Vehicles
5.10.3 GM Continues Growth in Emerging Markets
5.10.4 GM’s North America Regional Performance
5.10.5 GM Europe
5.10.6 GM Strongly Believes In The Electrification Of The Automobile
5.11 Miles Electric Vehicles
5.11.1 Miles Zero Emissions, Full Electric Car
5.12 Johnson Controls-Saft
5.13 LG Petrochemical
5.13.1 LG Chem
5.14 Mitsubishi
5.14.1 Fleet Testing Of The Zero-Emissions iMiev Electric Vehicle
5.15 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries
5.15.1 NEC Lamilion Energy
5.16 Panasonic / Sanyo
5.17 Phoenix Motorcars
5.17.1 Phoenix Motorcars Customers: Maui Electric
5.17.2 Phoenix MC All-Electric, Light-Duty Trucks
5.18 REVA
5.18.1 REVA Car Features
5.18.2 REVA Globally Tested Product
5.19 Saft
5.19.1 Saft Battery Technologies
5.19.2 Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG)
5.19.3 Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG)
5.19.4 Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems (RBS)
5.19.5 Saft Research and Development
5.19.6 Johnson Controls-Saft United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC)
5.20 Samsung
5.21 Shelby SuperCars
5.21.1 Sheffield International Finance Corporation
5.21.2 SSC Monthly Newsletter
5.22 Tesla Motors
5.22.1 Tesla Battery Packs
5.22.2 Tesla Roadster
5.22.3 Tesla Restructuring
5.23 Think
5.23.1 Think Manufacturing Capacity
5.23.2 Think Employees Called Back From Lay-Off
5.23.3 Think Confirms Interim Financing – Private Equity Firm Ener1 Group Is The Lead Investor
5.23.4 Kleiner Perkins And Rockport Capital, Two Leading Us Cleantech Investors Launch Joint Venture With Norwegian Electrical Vehicle Company Think
5.23.5 TH!NK city Crash-Tested And Highway-Certified EV
5.23.6 Think Strategic Partnership With Energy Giant General Electric
5.23.7 Think collaboration with Porsche Consulting
5.24 Toyota
5.25 ZENN Motor Company
5.25.1 Zenn Motor Strategic Energy Storage Partner, Eestor
List of Tables and Figures
Figure ES-1
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure ES-2
REVA Electric Car
Table ES-3
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table ES-3 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure ES-4
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Figure ES-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of
Automotive and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Figure ES-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table ES-7
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-7 (Continued)
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-8
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
Table 1-1
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-2
BMW’s Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable
Lithium-Ion Battery
Table 1-3
Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Figure 1-4
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Table 1-5
Characteristics Of Battery Cells
Table 2-1
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-2
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-3
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Table 2-4
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table 2-4 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure 2-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Table 2-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Shipments Market Shares,
Units On the Road
2009 11
Figure 2-7
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Red
Figure 2-8
REVA Electric Car
Figure 2-9
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of Automotive
and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Table 2-10
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts and
Penetration Analysis, 2009-2015
Figure 2-11
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table 2-12
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts and
Penetration Analysis, 2009-2015
Table 2-13
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts, Penetration Analysis,
2009-2015
Table 2-14
Worldwide Automotive and Light Truck Small
Size Electric Vehicle (EV) Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-15
Worldwide Small Electric Vehicle (EV) Market
Forecasts, Units, 2009-2015
Table 2-16
Worldwide Small Car and Small Light Truck Electric
Vehicle (EV) Automotive Market Retail Forecasts,
Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-17
Worldwide Sedan Size Automotive and Light Truck
Electric Vehicle (EV) Retail Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-18
Worldwide Sedan Size Automotive and Light Truck
Electric Vehicle (EV) Shipments Retail Market Forecasts, Units,
2009-2015
Table 2-19
Worldwide Sedan Size Car and Light Truck Electric
Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments and Automotive Market
Retail Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2009-201
Table 2-20
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table 2-21
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
Table 2-22
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-23
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-24
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-25
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-26
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-27
Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion
Battery Market Forecasts, Automotive, Power Tools,
Electric Grid, and PC Card, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-28
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-29
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-30
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-31
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015
Figure 2-32
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-33
Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,
Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry
Table 2-34
Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport Power Systems
Figure 3-1
BMW’S Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable
Lithium-Ion Battery
Figure 3-2
BYD E6 Electric Car
Figure 3-3
BYD F3DM Front View
Figure 3-4
BYD F3DM Rear View
Figure 3-5
BYD F3 Moon Roof
Table 3-6
BYD Plug-in Hybrid Powertrain Flexibility
Figure 3-7
BYD E6 Electric Car
Figure 3-8
BYD F6
Figure 3-9
Tesla Motors Roadster
Figure 3-10
Tesla Motors Roadster Torque and Power Graph
Figure 3-11
Model S by Tesla Motors
Figure 3-12
Daimler AG Smart car
Figure 3-13
Daimler Smart Car
Figure 3-14
Daimler Electric Mercedes
Figure 3-15
Prince Albert of Monaco Driving TH!NK city
Figure 3-16
Driving TH!NK city
Figure 3-17
Think Driver Console
Figure 3-18
Think Open
Figure 3-19
Think OX
Figure 3-20
Think City Electric Vehicle
Table 3-21
TH!NK City Specifications
Table 3-22
Think City Standard Equipment:
Table 3-22 (Continued)
Think City Standard Equipment:
Table 3-23
TH!NK City Features
Figure 3-24
Think Lineup of Electric Cars
Figure 3-25
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Front View
Figure 3-26
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Angle View
Figure 3-27
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Rear View
Figure 3-28
General Motors Chevrolet Volt
Figure 3-29
GM Cadillac Electric Vehicle
Figure 3-30
General Motors EV1 Electric Car
Figure 3-31
XS500 Electric Car by Miles
Figure 3-32
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – In Traffic
Figure 3-33
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Battery Packaging
Figure 3-34
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Red
Figure 3-35
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Gray
Figure 3-36
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Interior
Figure 3-37
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Features
Figure 3-38
Mitsubishi I Miev Electric Car
Figure 3-39
Mitsubishi I Miev Electric Car Interior Engine and
Drive Train Layout
Figure 3-40
Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru R1e Electric Car
Figure 3-41
Subaru R1e Electric Car Plug Station
Figure 3-42
Subaru G4e Electric Car
Figure 3-43
Hybrid Technologies Electric Supercar
Figure 3-44
Electric Mini by PML
Figure 3-45
Test Electric Car by Nissan
Figure 3-46
REVA Electric Car
Figure 3-47
Zenn Auto
Figure 3-48
Zenn Electric Auto Close-up
Figure 3-49
Zenn Auto Parked in Street
Figure 3-50
Zenn Electric Auto – Gray with Sun Roof
Figure 3-51
Commuter Cars Tango Electric Car
Figure 3-52
Commuter Cars Tango in Washington DC
Figure 3-53
Eliica Electric Car
Figure 3-54
Wrightspeed X1 Electric Car
Figure 3-55
Saturn SP1 Electric Car Conversion
Figure 3-56
Toyota Hybrid Prius
Figure 3-57
Toyota FT-EV Battery Electric Vehicle
Figure 3-58
Toyota Electric Car
Table 3-59
Chrysler ENVI Electric Minivan Features
Figure 3-60
Interior of The Concept Car, The Chrysler 200C EV
Table 3-61
Chrysler Electric Vehicle Positioning
Table 3-62
Chrysler Electric Vehicle EV
Figure 3-63
Chrysler Electric Vehicles
Figure 3-64
Dodge Circuit EV
Table 3-65
Dodge Circuit EV Features
Figure 3-66
Chrysler Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV
Figure 3-67
Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV Features
Figure 3-68
Phoenix Motorcars SUT Truck
Figure 3-69
Phoenix Motorcars SUV Vehicle
Figure 3-70
Shelby Supercars
Figure 3-71
Shelby Supercars – Doors Raised
Figure 3-72
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure 3-73
Aptera 2e Pre-Production Models
Figure 3-74
Aperta Three Wheel Vehicle
Figure 3-75
Aperta Three Wheel Vehicle – Rear View
Figure 4-1
Altairnano Battery Performance:
Figure 4-2
EFOY Pro Fuel Cell Kit For Electric Vehicles
Figure 4-3
Electrica City Car – Red
Figure 4-4
Electrica City Car – Yellow
Figure 4-5
Electrica City Car – Open
Figure 4-6
Electrica City Car – Dashboard
Figure 4-7
Smart Fuel Cells (SFC) Supply The StartLab Open With Power
Table 4-8
Challenges in Lithium-ion Battery Design
Table 4-9
Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Source: ITN.
Table 4-10
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties
Table 4-11
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-12
Comparison Of Battery Performances
Table 4-13
Thin Films For Advanced Batteries
Table 4-14
Thin Film Batteries Technology
Table 4-15
Thin Film Battery / Lithium Air Batteries Applications
Figure 4-16
Polymer Film Substrate Thin Flexible Battery Profiles
Figure 4-17
Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries
Table 5-1
A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
Table 5-2
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued)
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued)
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Figure 5-3
Aptera Vehicle Early Drawings
Figure 5-4
Assembly Facility: Vista, CA
Figure 5-5
Aperta Composite Facility: Carlsbad, CA
Figure 5-6
EnerDel Operations
Figure 5-7
EnerDel Lithium Power Systems
Figure 5-8
EnerDel Lithium Power USABC Contracts
Figure 5-9
EnerDel Lithium Power Think Projct
Table 5-10
Ford Key Government Energy Actions Recommendations
Figure 5-11
Sanyo Battery Targets 2020
Figure 5-12
REVA Electric Car
Figure 5-13
Saft Revenue H1 2008
Figure 5-14
Shelby Supercars
Figure 5-15
Think Auto Production Facility
Figure 5-16
TH!NK North America
Figure 5-17
Toyota Consolidated Vehicle Sales
Figure 5-18
Toyota Strategy
Figure 5-19
Toyota Car
Breakthrough technology in electric vehicles brings advancements that provide customers with personal transportation choices never before available. Electric vehicles are real. They come in a variety of styles and capabilities. The BMW features driving control and style. The Chinese BYD hybrid backed by Warren Buffet’s company has features that enable plug-in hybrid power train flexibility. It has a full battery-powered electric mode. The series-hybrid mode has an engine which drives a generator to recharge the batteries, acting as a rangeextender. There is a parallel hybrid mode, in which the engine and motor both provide propulsive power.
Electric vehicles represent a quantum shift in transportation. The design trajectories are varied; the opportunities are significant as a quantum shift occurs in what the vehicle basic functions are and how the vehicle works. The car companies that leverage the market opportunity to shift to a new paradyne are likely to succeed. There are others who merely try to migrate existing styles and designs to electric vehicles. Buggy whips come to mind.
The ability to plug a car into a hardened backyard set of batteries charged from a solar panel provides relief from gasoline spending. To have a second car, powered by a battery pack promises to provide growth of a new industry. The banks can loan against the car and the solar panel. Solar panels are evolving modular capability where they can be quickly installed and provide electricity for the car.
Investment in electric vehicle infrastructure is a priority. With countries seeking to invest in infrastructure that will provide economic growth, it is clear that special infrastructure for electric vehicles will stimulate growth from the private sector. Electric vehicle market segment is positioned for growth for vehicles used for local driving.
Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ion batteries are poised to achieve significant growth as units become more able to achieve deliver of power to electric vehicles efficiently. Less expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveraging economies of scale and proliferation of devices into a wide range of applications. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, “Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ion battery nanotechnology advances needed to make lithium-ion batteries competitive. Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion research solves the issues poised by the need to store renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch price reductions are poised to drive market adoption by making units affordable.”
Nanotechnology results obtained in the laboratory are being translated into commercial products. The processes of translating the nanotechnology science into thin film lithium ion batteries are anticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs of science in the laboratory have only begun to be translated into life outside the lab, with a long way to go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ion batteries.
Unlike any other battery technology, thin film solid-state batteries show very high cycle life. Using very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteries have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles with very limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles, 95% of the original capacity remained.
Markets for electric vehicles at 685 units in 2008 are anticipated to reach 32.7 million autos shipped by 2015, growing in response to demand for a renewable energy powered vehicle that lowers the total cost of ownership by a significant amount. Lithium-ion batteries used in cell phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools are proving the technology to power electric vehicles. Early electric vehicles are being used as city cars, proving the feasibility of electric cars. Think in Norway has a viable manufacturing operation and 1,000 cars on the road. The large emerging markets are for hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewable energy systems.
Table of Contents :
Figure ES-1
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure ES-2
REVA Electric Car
Table ES-3
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table ES-3 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure ES-4
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Figure ES-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of
Automotive and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Figure ES-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table ES-7
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-7 (Continued)
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-8
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
1. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS
1.1 Auto Industry
1.1.1 Electric Vehicle Economic Forces
1.1.2 Cars Represent 20% Of The US Economic Retail Spending
1.1.3 Electric Vehicle Design Trajectories
1.2 Electric Vehicle EVs
1.2.1 EVs Cost Effective In City Conditions
1.2.2 Lithium-Ion Car Batteries
1.2.3 Private-Public Partnerships
1.3 Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets
1.3.1 Project Better Place and the Renault-Nissan Alliance
1.3.2 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry
1.3.3 Electric Grid Services Market
1.3.4 Portable Power Market, Power Tools
1.4 Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies Transportation Industry Target Market
1.5 Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization
1.5.1 Local Energy Storage Benefit For Utilities
1.6 Applications Require On-Printed Circuit Board Battery Power
1.6.1 Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries
1.7 Smart Buildings
1.7.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors
1.8 Battery Safety / Potential Hazards
1.9 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction
1.10 Battery Is Electrochemical Device
1.11 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy
1.11.1 Characteristics Of Battery Cells
1.11.2 Batteries Are Designed Differently For Various Applications
2. ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS
2.1 Electric Vehicle Economic Market Driving Forces
2.1.1 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.1.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.2 Electric Vehicle Market Shares
2.2.1 Daimler Safety Cell
2.2.2 Daimler Smart Car
2.2.3 BYD
2.2.4 Think Environmentally Friendly Vehicles
2.2.5 TH!NK City Safety Concept
2.2.6 Think Overnight Power Top-Up
2.2.7 GM Volt
2.2.8 GM Opel
2.2.9 Tesla Motors
2.2.10 i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi
2.2.11 Mitsubishi
2.2.12 Subaru Selling EVs In Japan In 2009
2.2.13 BMW
2.2.14 REVA Electric Car
2.2.15 Ford Advances Electric Vehicle Technology
2.2.16 Ford Partnership With Utility Industry
2.2.17 Toyota Hybrid Prius
2.2.18 Nissan
2.2.19 Phoenix Motorcars
2.2.20 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
2.2.21 Chrysler
2.3 Electric Vehicles Market Forecasts
2.4 Electric Vehicle Battery Recharging
2.4.1 Changing Electric Vehicles On The Fly
2.5 2008 / 2009 Auto Sales Overview
2.5.1 Korean Cars Succeed In US
2.5.2 Total Vehicles Sold / GM Profile
2.5.3 GM Global Vehicle Sales and Market Share – 2007
2.5.4 Worldwide Automotive Sales For 2007
2.5.5 Deepening Slowdown
2.6 Electric Vehicles As A Very Fancy Golf Cart
2.7 Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
2.7.1 Market Driving Forces
2.7.2 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.7.3 Competitors
2.8 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares
2.8.1 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical
2.8.2 A123Systems Patent for Nanophosphate™ Lithium Ion Battery Technology
2.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts
2.10 Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares
2.10.1 BYD
2.10.2 Johnson Controls-Saft
2.10.3 Saft Battery Technologies
2.10.4 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class Lithium Ion™ Cells:
2.10.5 NEC and Nissen
2.10.6 LG Chem
2.10.7 EnerDel
2.10.8 Competition
2.11 Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts
2.11.1 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry Thin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV Market Thin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer Automotive Batteries
3. ELECTRIC VEHICLE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
3.1 BMW
3.1.1 BMW Second Version Of The Electric Mini
3.2 BYD / MidAmerican Energy Holdings
3.2.1 Warren Buffet – MidAmerican, A Collection Of Electric Utilities In The Midwest
3.2.2 BYD Plug-in Hybrid Power Train Flexibility
3.2.3 BYD E6 Electric Car and F6
3.2.4 BYD E6 Electric Vehicle Specifications
3.3 Tesla Motors
3.3.1 Electric Roadster by Tesla Motors
3.3.2 Tesla Motors Next Generation Model S
3.3.3 Telsa Battery Pack And Frame
3.4 Daimler AG
3.4.1 Daimler Smart Car Model Features
3.4.2 Electric Car by Daimler Mercedes (2010)
3.5 Think
3.5.1 A123Systems / GE Production Contract for Norwegian Think Electric Vehicles
3.5.2 Think Overnight Power Top-Up
3.5.3 TH!NK City Safety Concept
3.5.4 TH!NK City Environmentally Friendly
3.5.5 Thinking Globally
3.6 General Motors
3.6.1 GM Volt
3.6.2 GM Challenge to Battery Developers
3.6.3 GM and A123Systems Co-Develop Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt
3.6.4 GM Cadillac Electric Vehicle
3.6.5 GM / Opel
3.6.6 GM Chevrolet Equinox Fuel-Cell Vehicles
3.7 Miles XS500 Electric Car
3.8 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car to be Sold 1 Year Ahead of Schedule in Japan
3.8.1 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car Specifications
3.8.2 Mitsubishi i MiEV Electric Car Pricing
3.8.3 i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi
3.8.4 Mitsubishi Electric Car i MiEV Coming to Europe
3.8.5 Mitsubishi Electric Car i MiEV Production Plans
3.8.6 i MiEV Electric Car Specifications
3.8.7 i MiEV Electric Car to be Sold 1 Year Ahead of Schedule
3.9 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru R1e Electric Car Source: Subaru.
3.9.1 Subaru Selling EVs In Japan In 2009
3.9.2 Subaru G4e Source: Subaru.
3.9.3 NEC / Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
3.9.4 NEC / Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat Shape
3.10 Electric Supercar by Hybrid Technologies
3.11 Electric Mini by PML
3.12 Electric Car by Nissan (2010-2012)
3.12.1 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries
3.13 REVA Electric Car
3.14 Zenn Low Speed Electric Car
3.15 Commuter Cars Tango Electric Car
3.16 Eliica Electric Car by KEIO University
3.17 Wrightspeed X1 Electric Car
3.18 Saturn SP1 Electric Car Conversion by Students of Napoleon High School
3.19 Toyota Hybrid Prius
3.19.1 Toyota iQ Microcar
3.19.2 Toyota FT-EV Battery Electric Vehicle
3.20 Ford
3.21 Chrysler
3.21.1 Chrysler Town & Country EV
3.21.2 Chrysler Personal Mobility Revolution
3.21.3 Chrysler Dodge Circuit EV
3.21.4 Chrysler Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV
3.22 Phoenix
3.23 Shelby Supercars
3.24 Aptera
4. ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
4.1 Phoenix Motorcars Altairnano Lithium Titanate Battery Technology
4.1.1 Altairnano Battery Comparison
4.1.2 Lead-Acid Battery Technology
4.1.3 Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
4.1.4 Lithium-Ion
4.2 Globalization Model For Electric Cars
4.2.1 Better Place Electric Vehicle Network
4.2.2 Better Place has partnered with AGL Energy in Australia
4.3 EFOY Pro Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Charging Kit
4.3.1 Smart Fuel Cells SFC
4.3.2 Citycom AG’s CityEL
4.4 Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy
4.4.1 Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Characteristics
4.5 Challenges in Battery Design
4.5.1 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries Requirements
4.6 Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning
4.6.1 High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing Facilities
4.7 Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries
4.8 Mobile Phone Industry
4.8.1 Nanowires
4.8.2 Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries
4.8.3 The Cathodes
4.8.4 Solid State Devices Provide More Energy Density
4.9 Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries
4.9.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings
4.9.2 Charging
4.9.3 Applications
4.9.4 Costs
4.10 Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants
4.10.1 Lithium-ion
4.10.2 Lithium-ion Polymer
4.10.3 Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry Variants
4.10.4 Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2
4.10.5 Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4
4.10.6 Lithium Nickel LiNiO2
4.10.7 Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese – Li(NiCoMn)O2
4.10.8 Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4
4.11 Operating Performance Of The Cell Can Be Tuned
4.12 Lithium Metal Polymer
4.12.1 Lithium Sulphur Li2S8
4.12.2 Alternative Anode Chemistry
4.13 ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen Chemical Polyethylene-Based, Porous Film
4.14 Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing
4.15 Thin-Film Batteries Packaging
4.16 ITN Energy Systems Fibrous Substrates, PowerFiber
4.16.1 ITN Sensors
4.17 Cell Construction
4.18 Impact Of Nanotechnology
4.19 Thin Film Batteries
4.19.1 Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs
4.19.2 High Power And Energy Density
4.19.3 High Rate Capability
4.20 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance
4.21 Polymer Film Substrate
4.22 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte
5. ELECTRIC VEHICLE COMPANY PROFILES
5.1 A123 Systems
5.1.1 A123 Systems Revenue
5.1.2 A123Systems Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering
5.1.3 A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
5.1.4 A123 Systems Competitive Advantage
5.1.5 A123 Systems Strategy
5.1.6 A123Systems and GE
5.1.7 A123 Acquisition of Hymotion
5.1.8 Procter & Gamble Duracell and A123 Systems Collaborate
5.1.9 Cobasys and A123 Systems
5.2 Aperta
5.3 Better Place Model
5.4 BMW
5.5 BYD
5.5.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD Chinese Battery Manufacturer
5.6 E-One Moli Energy Group
5.7 Ener1
5.7.1 Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue
5.7.2 Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally Pioneered By Argonne National Lab
5.7.3 Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Korean Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer
5.7.4 Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing Large Format Flat (“Prismatic”) Cells
5.7.5 EnerDel Operations
5.8 Ford
5.8.1 Ford Electric Vehicle Positioning
5.8.2 Ford’s Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy
5.8.3 Ford Partnership With Southern California Edison Electric Utility
5.8.4 Ford Partnership with Johnson Controls-Saft for Thin Film Batteries
5.8.5 Ford Partnership with Utility Industry
5.8.6 Building A Business Case
5.8.7 Governments Of Japan, China, Korea, And India Significantly Funding EV Research
5.8.8 Ford Energy Future Vision
5.9 Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru
5.9.1 Subaru of America
5.9.2 Subaru of America Revenue 2008
5.10 General Motors
5.10.1 General Motors Factory In Michigan To Build Battery Packs
5.10.2 GM 2008 Global Sales of 8.35 Million Vehicles
5.10.3 GM Continues Growth in Emerging Markets
5.10.4 GM’s North America Regional Performance
5.10.5 GM Europe
5.10.6 GM Strongly Believes In The Electrification Of The Automobile
5.11 Miles Electric Vehicles
5.11.1 Miles Zero Emissions, Full Electric Car
5.12 Johnson Controls-Saft
5.13 LG Petrochemical
5.13.1 LG Chem
5.14 Mitsubishi
5.14.1 Fleet Testing Of The Zero-Emissions iMiev Electric Vehicle
5.15 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries
5.15.1 NEC Lamilion Energy
5.16 Panasonic / Sanyo
5.17 Phoenix Motorcars
5.17.1 Phoenix Motorcars Customers: Maui Electric
5.17.2 Phoenix MC All-Electric, Light-Duty Trucks
5.18 REVA
5.18.1 REVA Car Features
5.18.2 REVA Globally Tested Product
5.19 Saft
5.19.1 Saft Battery Technologies
5.19.2 Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG)
5.19.3 Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG)
5.19.4 Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems (RBS)
5.19.5 Saft Research and Development
5.19.6 Johnson Controls-Saft United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC)
5.20 Samsung
5.21 Shelby SuperCars
5.21.1 Sheffield International Finance Corporation
5.21.2 SSC Monthly Newsletter
5.22 Tesla Motors
5.22.1 Tesla Battery Packs
5.22.2 Tesla Roadster
5.22.3 Tesla Restructuring
5.23 Think
5.23.1 Think Manufacturing Capacity
5.23.2 Think Employees Called Back From Lay-Off
5.23.3 Think Confirms Interim Financing – Private Equity Firm Ener1 Group Is The Lead Investor
5.23.4 Kleiner Perkins And Rockport Capital, Two Leading Us Cleantech Investors Launch Joint Venture With Norwegian Electrical Vehicle Company Think
5.23.5 TH!NK city Crash-Tested And Highway-Certified EV
5.23.6 Think Strategic Partnership With Energy Giant General Electric
5.23.7 Think collaboration with Porsche Consulting
5.24 Toyota
5.25 ZENN Motor Company
5.25.1 Zenn Motor Strategic Energy Storage Partner, Eestor
List of Tables and Figures
Figure ES-1
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure ES-2
REVA Electric Car
Table ES-3
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table ES-3 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure ES-4
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Figure ES-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of
Automotive and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Figure ES-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table ES-7
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-7 (Continued)
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table ES-8
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
Table 1-1
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-2
BMW’s Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable
Lithium-Ion Battery
Table 1-3
Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Figure 1-4
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Table 1-5
Characteristics Of Battery Cells
Table 2-1
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-2
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-3
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Table 2-4
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Table 2-4 (Continued)
Electric Vehicle Market Driving Forces
Figure 2-5
Worldwide Electric Vehicles
On The Road Market Shares, Units, 2009
Table 2-6
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Shipments Market Shares,
Units On the Road
2009 11
Figure 2-7
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Red
Figure 2-8
REVA Electric Car
Figure 2-9
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Penetration of Automotive
and Light Truck Market Forecasts, Percent,
2009-2015
Table 2-10
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts and
Penetration Analysis, 2009-2015
Figure 2-11
Worldwide Electric Vehicle Retail Forecasts, Dollars,
2009-2015
Table 2-12
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts and
Penetration Analysis, 2009-2015
Table 2-13
Worldwide Electric Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments
and Automotive Market Retail Forecasts, Penetration Analysis,
2009-2015
Table 2-14
Worldwide Automotive and Light Truck Small
Size Electric Vehicle (EV) Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-15
Worldwide Small Electric Vehicle (EV) Market
Forecasts, Units, 2009-2015
Table 2-16
Worldwide Small Car and Small Light Truck Electric
Vehicle (EV) Automotive Market Retail Forecasts,
Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-17
Worldwide Sedan Size Automotive and Light Truck
Electric Vehicle (EV) Retail Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-18
Worldwide Sedan Size Automotive and Light Truck
Electric Vehicle (EV) Shipments Retail Market Forecasts, Units,
2009-2015
Table 2-19
Worldwide Sedan Size Car and Light Truck Electric
Vehicle (EV) Unit Shipments and Automotive Market
Retail Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2009-201
Table 2-20
Reasons For Aggressive Forecast For Electric Vehicle Markets
Table 2-21
New Infrastructure, New Driving Modalities Brought By
Electric Vehicles
Table 2-22
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-23
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-24
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-25
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-26
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-27
Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion
Battery Market Forecasts, Automotive, Power Tools,
Electric Grid, and PC Card, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-28
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-29
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-30
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-31
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015
Figure 2-32
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-33
Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,
Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry
Table 2-34
Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport Power Systems
Figure 3-1
BMW’S Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable
Lithium-Ion Battery
Figure 3-2
BYD E6 Electric Car
Figure 3-3
BYD F3DM Front View
Figure 3-4
BYD F3DM Rear View
Figure 3-5
BYD F3 Moon Roof
Table 3-6
BYD Plug-in Hybrid Powertrain Flexibility
Figure 3-7
BYD E6 Electric Car
Figure 3-8
BYD F6
Figure 3-9
Tesla Motors Roadster
Figure 3-10
Tesla Motors Roadster Torque and Power Graph
Figure 3-11
Model S by Tesla Motors
Figure 3-12
Daimler AG Smart car
Figure 3-13
Daimler Smart Car
Figure 3-14
Daimler Electric Mercedes
Figure 3-15
Prince Albert of Monaco Driving TH!NK city
Figure 3-16
Driving TH!NK city
Figure 3-17
Think Driver Console
Figure 3-18
Think Open
Figure 3-19
Think OX
Figure 3-20
Think City Electric Vehicle
Table 3-21
TH!NK City Specifications
Table 3-22
Think City Standard Equipment:
Table 3-22 (Continued)
Think City Standard Equipment:
Table 3-23
TH!NK City Features
Figure 3-24
Think Lineup of Electric Cars
Figure 3-25
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Front View
Figure 3-26
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Angle View
Figure 3-27
General Motors Chevrolet Volt – Rear View
Figure 3-28
General Motors Chevrolet Volt
Figure 3-29
GM Cadillac Electric Vehicle
Figure 3-30
General Motors EV1 Electric Car
Figure 3-31
XS500 Electric Car by Miles
Figure 3-32
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – In Traffic
Figure 3-33
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Battery Packaging
Figure 3-34
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Red
Figure 3-35
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Gray
Figure 3-36
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Interior
Figure 3-37
i MiEV Electric Car by Mitsubishi – Features
Figure 3-38
Mitsubishi I Miev Electric Car
Figure 3-39
Mitsubishi I Miev Electric Car Interior Engine and
Drive Train Layout
Figure 3-40
Fuji Heavy Industries / Subaru R1e Electric Car
Figure 3-41
Subaru R1e Electric Car Plug Station
Figure 3-42
Subaru G4e Electric Car
Figure 3-43
Hybrid Technologies Electric Supercar
Figure 3-44
Electric Mini by PML
Figure 3-45
Test Electric Car by Nissan
Figure 3-46
REVA Electric Car
Figure 3-47
Zenn Auto
Figure 3-48
Zenn Electric Auto Close-up
Figure 3-49
Zenn Auto Parked in Street
Figure 3-50
Zenn Electric Auto – Gray with Sun Roof
Figure 3-51
Commuter Cars Tango Electric Car
Figure 3-52
Commuter Cars Tango in Washington DC
Figure 3-53
Eliica Electric Car
Figure 3-54
Wrightspeed X1 Electric Car
Figure 3-55
Saturn SP1 Electric Car Conversion
Figure 3-56
Toyota Hybrid Prius
Figure 3-57
Toyota FT-EV Battery Electric Vehicle
Figure 3-58
Toyota Electric Car
Table 3-59
Chrysler ENVI Electric Minivan Features
Figure 3-60
Interior of The Concept Car, The Chrysler 200C EV
Table 3-61
Chrysler Electric Vehicle Positioning
Table 3-62
Chrysler Electric Vehicle EV
Figure 3-63
Chrysler Electric Vehicles
Figure 3-64
Dodge Circuit EV
Table 3-65
Dodge Circuit EV Features
Figure 3-66
Chrysler Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV
Figure 3-67
Jeep® Wrangler Unlimited EV Features
Figure 3-68
Phoenix Motorcars SUT Truck
Figure 3-69
Phoenix Motorcars SUV Vehicle
Figure 3-70
Shelby Supercars
Figure 3-71
Shelby Supercars – Doors Raised
Figure 3-72
Aptera Pre-Production Model 2e
Figure 3-73
Aptera 2e Pre-Production Models
Figure 3-74
Aperta Three Wheel Vehicle
Figure 3-75
Aperta Three Wheel Vehicle – Rear View
Figure 4-1
Altairnano Battery Performance:
Figure 4-2
EFOY Pro Fuel Cell Kit For Electric Vehicles
Figure 4-3
Electrica City Car – Red
Figure 4-4
Electrica City Car – Yellow
Figure 4-5
Electrica City Car – Open
Figure 4-6
Electrica City Car – Dashboard
Figure 4-7
Smart Fuel Cells (SFC) Supply The StartLab Open With Power
Table 4-8
Challenges in Lithium-ion Battery Design
Table 4-9
Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Source: ITN.
Table 4-10
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties
Table 4-11
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-12
Comparison Of Battery Performances
Table 4-13
Thin Films For Advanced Batteries
Table 4-14
Thin Film Batteries Technology
Table 4-15
Thin Film Battery / Lithium Air Batteries Applications
Figure 4-16
Polymer Film Substrate Thin Flexible Battery Profiles
Figure 4-17
Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries
Table 5-1
A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
Table 5-2
A123 Systems C
Want to Live Extra Years?
read more
Posted by admin on Jul 4, 2010 in Articles | 0 comments
Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ion batteries are poised to achieve significant growth as units become more able to achieve deliver of power to electric vehicles efficiently. Less expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveraging economies of scale and proliferation of devices into a wide range of applications. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, “Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ion battery nanotechnology advances needed to make lithium-ion batteries competitive. Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion research solves the issues poised by the need to store renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch price reductions are poised to drive market adoption by making units affordable.”
Nanotechnology results obtained in the laboratory are being translated into commercial products. The processes of translating the nanotechnology science into thin film lithium ion batteries are anticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs of science in the laboratory have only begun to be translated into life outside the lab, with a long way to go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ion batteries. Unlike any other battery technology, thin film solid-state batteries show very high cycle life. Using very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteries have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles with very limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles, 95% of the original capacity remained.
Then there is the problem of translating the evolving technology into manufacturing process. What this means is that the market will be very dynamic, with the market leaders continuously being challenged by innovators, large and small that develop more cost efficient units. Systems integration and manufacturing capabilities have developed a broad family of high-power lithium-ion batteries and battery systems. A family of battery products, combined with strategic partner relationships in the transportation, electric grid services and portable power markets, position vendors to address these markets for lithium-ion batteries.
Electric Vehicles depend on design, development, manufacture, and support of advanced, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Batteries provide a combination of power, safety and life. Next-generation energy storage solutions are evolving as commercially available batteries. Lithium-ion batteries will play an increasingly important role in facilitating a shift toward cleaner forms of energy.
Innovative approaches to materials science and battery engineering are available from a large number of very significant companies — GE, Panasonic Sanyo / Matsushita Industrial Co., Ltd., NEC, Saft, Toshiba, BYD / Berkshire Hathaway, LG Chem, Altair Nanotechnologies, Samsung, Sony, A123 Systems with MIT technology, and Altair Nanotechnologies.
Markets for lithium-ion batteries at $911 million in 2008 are anticipated to reach $9.1 billion by 2015, growing in response to decreases in unit costs and increases. Lithiumion batteries used in cell phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools are proving the technology. Units are shipped into military markets and are used in satellites, proving the feasibility of systems. Small, lithium-ion prismatic batteries prove the feasibility of this technology. The large emerging markets are for hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewable energy systems.
Report Methodology
This is the 399th report in a series of market research reports that provide forecasts in communications, telecommunications, the internet, computer, software, and telephone equipment. The project leaders take direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have significant experience preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on primary research and proprietary data bases. Forecasts reflect analysis of the market trends in the segment and related segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed through consideration of dollar volume of each market participation in the segment. Market share analysis includes conversations with key customers of products, industry segment leaders, marketing directors, distributors, leading market participants, and companies seeking to develop measurable market share. Over 200 in-depth interviews are conducted for each report with a broad range of key participants and opinion leaders in the market segment.
Table of Contents :
Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Executive Summary ES-1
Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Driving Forces ES-1
Market Driving Forces ES-2
Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries ES-7
Competitors ES-7
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares ES-7
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts ES-9
1. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery
Market Description and Market Dynamics 1-1
1.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets 1-1
1.1.1 Project Better Place and the Renault-Nissan Alliance 1-2
1.1.2 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry 1-3
1.1.3 Electric Grid Services Market 1-4
1.1.4 Portable Power Market, Power Tools 1-5
1.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies Transportation
Industry Target Market 1-7
1.3 Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization 1-11
1.3.1 Local Energy Storage Benefit For Utilities 1-12
1.4 Applications Require On-Printed Circuit
Board Battery Power 1-13
1.4.1 Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries 1-13
1.5 Smart Buildings 1-14
1.5.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors 1-16
1.6 Battery Safety / Potential Hazards 1-17
1.7 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction 1-18
1.8 Battery Is Electrochemical Device 1-20
1.9 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy 1-21
1.9.1 Characteristics Of Battery Cells 1-21
1.9.2 Batteries Are Designed Differently For Various Applications 1-23
2. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Market
Shares and Market Forecasts 2-1
2.1 Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Driving Forces 2-1
2.1.1 Market Driving Forces 2-2
2.1.2 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries 2-7
2.1.3 Competitors 2-7
2.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares 2-7
2.2.1 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical 2-10
2.3 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts 2-11
2.4 Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Shares 2-14
2.4.1 BYD 2-16
2.4.2 Johnson Controls-Saft 2-16
2.4.3 Saft Battery Technologies 2-17
2.4.4 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 2-17
2.4.5 NEC and Nissen 2-19
2.4.6 LG Chem 2-20
2.4.7 EnerDel 2-20
2.4.8 Competition 2-20
2.5 Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Forecasts 2-21
2.5.1 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry 2-25
Thin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV Market 2-27
Thin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer Automotive Batteries 2-27
2.6 Thin-Film and Printed Batteries: On-Board
Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 2-29
2.6.1 Solicore Tiny Flat Battery 2-31
2.6.2 Thin-Film, Organic, and Printed Batteries:
On-Board Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 2-32
2.7 Cell Phone, Communications, And PC Lithium-Ion
Battery Technology Markets Discussion 2-33
2.7.1 Samsung SDI 2-33
2.7.2 BYD 2-33
2.7.3 Saft 2-33
2.7.4 Portable Power Competition 2-34
2.8 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable Power
Market, Power Tools Market Shares 2-34
2.8.1 A123 Systems 2-36
2.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable Power,
Power Tools Market Forecasts 2-37
2.10 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Electric
Grid Services Markets 2-40
2.10.1 Electric Grid Services 2-42
2.11 Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market Positioning 2-43
2.11.1 US And Its Allies Are Changing The Military Landscape 2-48
2.12 Digital Device Battery Forecasts 2-51
3. Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Product Description 3-1
3.1 A123 Systems 3-1
3.1.1 A123 Systems Lithium Ion Cell Construction
Based On A Dual Plate Tubular Design 3-4
3.1.2 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 3-5
3.1.3 GM and A123Systems Co-Develop
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt 3-11
3.1.4 A123Systems / GE Production Contract for
Norewegian Think Electric Vehicles 3-12
3.1.5 A123Systems Patent for Nanophosphate™
Lithium Ion Battery Technology 3-14
3.2 LG Chem 3-15
3.2.1 LG Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Battery 3-15
3.2.2 LG Lithium-ion Polymer Battery 3-15
3.2.3 LG Lithium-ion Battery Prismatic Type 3-17
3.2.4 LG Chem 3-17
3.3 SAFT 3-18
3.3.1 Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries 3-18
3.3.2 Saft is Li-ion Batteries For Commercial
GEO Satellites to JSC ISS of Russia 3-19
3.3.3 Saft Contract To Power Hybrid Electric Mobile
Utility Systems From Titan Energy Development 3-21
3.3.4 Saft and ABB Develop New High Voltage Li-ion
Battery System 3-22
3.3.5 Saft Hybrid Battery Technology for Wisconsin Clean Energy 3-24
3.3.6 Saft High-Energy Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Batteries For Raytheon 3-25
3.3.7 Saft Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery Backup Systems 3-25
3.3.8 Saft Energy Storage As A Key
Renewable Energy Enabling Technology 3-26
3.3.9 Saft / Solion Large Li-ion batteries 3-27
3.3.10 Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-So2) Batteries 3-31
3.3.11 Saft Lithium Technologies 3-32
3.3.12 Saft Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) 3-32
3.3.13 Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) – LS/LST/LSG cell ranges 3-35
3.3.14 Saft Small LS/LST bobbin cells 3-36
3.3.15 Saft Large LS/T bobbin cells 3-38
3.3.16 Saft Lithium-Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2) 3-43
3.3.17 Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) 3-43
3.4 BYD 3-50
3.4.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 3-50
3.4.2 BYD Battery Expertise 3-52
3.5 Panasonic / Sanyo 3-53
3.6 Samsung 3-54
3.7 Ener1 / EnerDel 3-55
3.7.1 EnerDel Lithium-Ion Prismatic Design 3-56
3.7.2 EnerDel Addressing Market Demand for
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) 3-56
3.7.3 EnerDel 5Amp Battery Pack 3-60
3.8 Imara 3-60
3.9 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical 3-62
3.9.1 Tonen Chemical Leading Supplier Of Separators
For Lithium Ion Batteries 3-63
3.10 NEC 3-63
3.10.1 Nissan and NEC Group 3-64
3.10.2 Nissan And NEC Joint Venture 3-65
3.10.3 NEC High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Employ A Compact Laminated Configuration 3-66
3.10.4 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries 3-67
3.10.5 NEC Lamilion Energy 3-68
3.10.6 NEC Subaru 3-68
3.10.7 NEC Thin Film Battery Has Sixteen Modules
Consisting Of Twelve Cells, Serially Connected 3-69
3.10.8 NEC / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat Shape 3-69
3.11 Sony 3-71
3.12 Matshushita Industrial Co., Ltd. (Panasonic) 3-73
3.12.1 Panasonic Lithium Batteries 3-74
3.12.2 Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries 3-75
3.13 E-One Moli Energy 3-79
3.13.1 Product Data Sheets 3-81
3.14 QuantumSphere 3-82
3.15 Solicore Ultra Thin-Film Battery 3-84
3.15.1 Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Batteries 3-86
3.15.2 Solicore Flexion Lithium Powered Cards 3-87
3.15.3 Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Devices 3-89
3.15.4 Solicore’s Flexion® Batteries Bluechip Million Unit Purchase 3-90
3.15.5 Solicore Supports Smart Cards 3-91
3.16 Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid-State, Rechargeable
Thin-Film Batteries 3-92
3.16.1 Cymbet Enerchip™ Sensors Support 3-94
3.17 Front Edge Technology 3-95
3.18 Excellatron Thin-Film Micro-Batteries 3-95
3.18.1 Contrast To Conventional Lithium Cells 3-95
3.18.2 Excellatron Market Advantage 3-97
3.18.3 Excellatron Battery Current State of the Art 3-99
3.18.4 Excellatron Battery Intrinsically Safe 3-101
3.18.5 High Temperature Performance of
Excellatron Thin Film Batteries 3-101
3.18.6 Excellatron Long Cycle Life 3-109
3.18.7 Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for Thin Flexible Profile 3-111
3.18.8 Excellatron Unique Proprietary Passivation
Barrier and Packaging Solution 3-113
3.19 Front Edge 50,000 Prototypes Of Nanoenergy Batteries 3-117
3.19.1 Front Edge Technology (FET) 3-117
3.20 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Flexible Thin-Film Batteries 3-127
3.20.1 Infinite Power Solutions 3-129
3.21 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy 3-130
3.21.1 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film Batteries 3-132
3.22 Energizer 3-132
3.22.1 Energizer Holdings 3-133
3.23 Valence 3-134
3.23.1 PVI for Valence’s U-Charge(R) XP Energy Storage Systems 3-134
3.23.2 Valence Lithium Phosphate 3-135
3.23.3 Valence Lithium Phosphate Stability and Dependability 3-137
3.23.4 Valence Safety Focus 3-137
3.23.5 Valence Lithium Phosphate Alternative to Lead-Acid 3-138
3.23.6 Valence Lithium Phosphate Storage and Run-Time 3-138
3.23.7 Valence Lithium Phosphate Safety and Maintenance Free 3-138
3.24 ITN Energy Systems 3-139
3.24.1 ITN Intelligent Processing, Sensors, & Controls: 3-142
3.24.2 ITN Control: 3-144
3.24.3 ITN Sensors 3-147
3.24.4 ITN Unique Sensors: X-Ray Fluorescence And
Parallel Detection Spectroscopic Ellipsometer 3-148
3.25 ULVAC 3-159
3.26 Intersil 3-159
4. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Technology 4-1
4.1 Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy 4-1
4.1.1 Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Characteristics 4-2
4.2 Challenges in Battery Design 4-3
4.2.1 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries Requirements 4-7
4.3 Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning 4-8
4.3.1 High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing Facilities 4-10
4.4 Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-11
4.5 Mobile Phone Industry 4-12
4.5.1 Nanowires 4-13
4.5.2 Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries 4-13
4.5.3 The Cathodes 4-14
4.5.4 Solid State Devices Provide More Energy Density 4-14
4.6 Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-15
4.6.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings 4-18
4.6.2 Charging 4-19
4.6.3 Applications 4-19
4.6.4 Costs 4-20
4.7 Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants 4-20
4.7.1 Lithium-ion 4-21
4.7.2 Lithium-ion Polymer 4-22
4.7.3 Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry Variants 4-23
4.7.4 Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2 4-23
4.7.5 Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4 4-23
4.7.6 Lithium Nickel LiNiO2 4-24
4.7.7 Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese – Li(NiCoMn)O2 4-24
4.7.8 Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4 4-24
4.8 Operating Performance Of The Cell Can Be Tuned 4-25
4.9 Lithium Metal Polymer 4-26
4.9.1 Lithium Sulphur Li2S8 4-26
4.9.2 Alternative Anode Chemistry 4-26
4.10 ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen Chemical
Polyethylene-Based, Porous Film 4-27
4.11 Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing 4-27
4.12 Thin-Film Batteries Packaging 4-27
4.13 ITN Energy Systems Fibrous Substrates, PowerFiber 4-28
4.13.1 ITN Sensors 4-31
4.14 Cell Construction 4-32
4.15 Impact Of Nanotechnology 4-33
4.16 Thin Film Batteries 4-34
4.16.1 Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs 4-37
4.16.2 High Power And Energy Density 4-37
4.16.3 High Rate Capability 4-38
4.17 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance 4-39
4.18 Polymer Film Substrate 4-45
4.19 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte 4-46
5.1 Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion Company Profiles 5-1
5.1 Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion 5-1
5.2 A123 Systems 5-1
5.2.1 A123 Systems Revenue 5-1
5.2.2 A123Systems Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering 5-2
5.2.3 A123 Systems Batteries Benefits 5-2
5.2.4 A123 Systems Competitive Advantage 5-4
5.2.5 A123 Systems Strategy 5-7
5.2.6 A123Systems and GE 5-8
5.2.7 A123 Acquisition of Hymotion 5-9
5.2.8 Procter & Gamble Duracell and A123 Systems Collaborate 5-10
5.2.9 Cobasys and A123 Systems 5-10
5.3 Advanced Cerametrics 5-11
5.4 Altair Nanotechnologies 5-12
5.4.1 Altair Nanotechnologies Power and Energy Group 5-12
5.4.2 Altair Nanotechnologies Performance Materials Division 5-12
5.4.3 Altair Nanotechnologies Life Sciences Division 5-14
5.4.4 Altair Nanotechnologies One-Megawatt Battery
System Available for Commercial Operation by AES
Energy Storage, LLC 5-14
5.4.5 Altair Nanotechnologies Revenues 5-15
5.5 Applied Data 5-16
5.6 Bekaert 5-16
5.7 Robert Bosch GmbH 5-17
5.8 Boston Power / Sonata 5-17
5.9 BYD 5-21
5.9.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 5-21
5.10 Cymbet 5-23
5.10.1 Cymbet Thin-Film, Solid-State Battery Technology 5-23
5.10.2 Cymbet and ANT Wireless Sensor Network 5-23
5.10.3 Garmin International ANT™ Wireless Network 5-25
5.11 Dow 5-25
5.12 E-One Moli Energy Group 5-26
5.13 Ener1 5-27
5.13.1 Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue 5-27
5.13.2 Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally
Pioneered By Argonne National Lab 5-30
5.13.3 Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Korean
Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer 5-31
5.13.4 Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing
Large Format Flat (“Prismatic”) Cells 5-32
5.13.5 EnerDel Operations 5-34
5.14 Energizer 5-39
5.15 Excellatron 5-44
5.16 Exon 5-45
5.16.1 ExxonMobil Chemical / Tonen Chemical Corporation 5-46
5.17 Front Edge Technology (FET) 5-47
5.18 GE 5-47
5.18.1 GE Global Research 5-48
5.18.2 GE Energy Financial Services 5-48
5.19 GM 5-48
5.19.1 General Motors Faces Bankruptcy 5-50
5.20 Ignite 5-51
5.21 IPS 5-51
5.22 Johnson Controls-Saft 5-52
5.23 KSW Microtec 5-52
5.24 LG Petrochemical 5-53
5.24.1 LG Chem 5-54
5.25 MMT Funds 5-54
5.26 NEC 5-54
5.26.1 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., NEC, And Subsidiary
NEC TOKIN Joint-Venture Company – Automotive
Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) – 5-55
5.26.2 First Commercial Application For AESC’s Li-Ion Batteries 5-57
5.26.3 NEC TOKIN Lithium-Manganese Electrodes by 2009 5-59
5.26.4 Nissan Partnership With NEC 5-59
5.26.5 NEC Lamilion Energy 5-60
5.27 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy 5-60
5.28 Panasonic / Sanyo 5-61
5.29 QuantumSphere 5-63
5.30 Saft 5-64
5.30.1 Saft Battery Technologies 5-66
5.30.2 Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG) 5-68
5.30.3 Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG) 5-69
5.30.4 Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems (RBS) 5-71
5.30.5 Saft Research and Development 5-71
5.30.6 Johnson Controls-Saft United States Advanced
Battery Consortium (USABC) 5-72
5.31 Samsung 5-73
5.32 Solicore 5-73
5.32.1 Solicore’s Flexion® Batteries Bluechip Million Unit Purchase 5-74
5.32.2 Solicore Embedded Power Solutions 5-75
5.33 Think 5-75
5.34 Valence 5-76
5.34.1 Valence Strategy 5-77
5.34.2 Phases Of Valence Business Strategy 5-78
5.35 Ulvac 5-80
Tables and Figures
Table ES-1 ES-4
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table ES-2 ES-6
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure ES-3 ES-8
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure ES-4 ES-10
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 1-1 1-3
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-2 1-8
BMW’s Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery
Table 1-3 1-9
Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Figure 1-4 1-19
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Table 1-5 1-22
Characteristics Of Battery Cells
Table 2-1 2-4
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-2 2-6
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-3 2-8
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-4 2-9
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-5 2-12
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-6 2-13
Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion
Battery Market Forecasts, Automotive, Power Tools,
Electric Grid, and PC Card, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-7 2-14
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-8 2-15
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-9 2-21
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-10 2-22
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015
Figure 2-11 2-23
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-12 2-30
Worldwide PC Card On Board Lithium-Ion Batteries
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-13 2-35
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-14 2-36
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-15 2-38
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Battery Portable Power
Tool and Advanced Portable Battery Shipments,
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-16 2-41
Worldwide Electric Grid Lithium-Ion Battery
Storage Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-17 2-45
Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,
Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry
Table 2-18 2-47
Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport
Power Systems
Table 2-19 2-49
Requirements For Advanced Power Sources In A
Variety Of Military Applications
Table 2-20 2-50
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key Advantages
Table 2-20 (Continued) 2-51
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key Advantages
Figure 3-1 3-2
A123 Systems Lithium Ion Battery
Table 3-2 3-3
A123 Systems APR18650M1 Features
Figure 3-3 3-4
A123 Systems lithium ion battery Cells: 26650
Figure 3-4 3-5
A123 Cells: 32 Series
Figure 3-5 3-7
A123 Systems Hybrid Characteristics
Figure 3-6 3-8
A123 Systems Hybrid Discharge Characteristics
Table 3-7 3-9
A123 Systems Benefits…
Table 3-8 3-10
A123 Systems Heavy Duty Custom and Standard Solutions
Figure 3-9 3-16
LG Chem Lithium-Ion Batteries
Table 3-10 3-32
Saft Lithium Technologies
Table 3-11 3-33
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications
Table 3-11 (Continued) 3-34
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications
Figure 3-12 3-35
Saft Non Rechargeable Battery
Table 3-13 3-39
Saft Lithium-Ion Construction Features
Table 3-14 3-40
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Benefits
Figure 3-15 3-42
Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-SO2) Batteries
Table 3-16 3-44
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-45
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-46
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-47
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-48
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-49
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Figure 3-17 3-57
EnerDel Automotive Battery
Table 3-18 3-58
EnerDel Lithium Ion Battery System for HEVs
Table 3-19 3-59
EnerDel Automotive Battery Features
Table 3-20 3-60
Imara Thin Film Battery Cells
Figure 3-21 3-65
NEC Fuel Cells and Catalysts
Table 3-22 3-72
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
Rechargeable Battery
Table 3-22 (Continued) 3-73
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
Rechargeable Battery
Figure 3-23 3-74
Panasonic Lithium Batteries
Figure 3-24 3-75
Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargable Batteries
Table 3-25 3-76
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries Features:
Table 3-26 3-76
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries
Table 3-27 3-77
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries
Table 3-28 3-85
Solicore Flexion Battery Product Features:
Table 3-29 3-86
Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Applications
Table 3-30 3-87
Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Uses
Figure 3-31 3-88
Solicore Flexion High Temperature Batteries Survive Lamination
Table 3-31A 3-89
Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Applications
Table 3-32 3-96
Excellatron Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Features
Table 3-33 3-97
Excellatron Battery Advantages
Table 3-34 3-99
Excellatron Battery Thin Film Solid State Battery Components
Figure 3-35 3-102
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge Profile at 25ºC.
Figure 3-36 3-103
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge
Profile At 150ºC.
Figure 3-37 3-104
Excellatron High Temperature (150ºC) Charge And
Discharge Capacity
Figure 3-38 3-106
Excellatron Capacity And Resistance Of Thin Film Battery
As A Function Of Temperature
Figure 3-39 3-106
Excellatron’s Battery (0.1 mAh) Discharged By A 100 mA
Pulse at 80ºC.
Figure 3-40 3-108
Excellatron High Rate Pulse Discharge
Figure 3-41 3-109
Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Figure 3-42: 3-110
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Long Term Cyclability
Figure 3-43 3-111
Discharge Capacity Of Several Typical Cathode Materials
Figure 3-44: 3-112
Excellatron Thin film batteries deposited on a thin polymer substrate.
Figure 3-45 3-114
Excellatron Proprietary Passivation Barrier and Packaging
Table 3-46 3-115
Comparison Of Battery Performances
Figure 3-47 3-131
Oak Ridge Construction of a Thin Film Battery
Table 3-48 3-136
Key Features of Valence Lithium Phosphate Technology
Table 3-49 3-139
ITN Commercial Markets:
Figure 3-50 3-140
ITN Thin Film Battery:
Table 3-51 3-141
ITN Thin Film Battery Design Features/Advantages
Table 3-52 3-142
ITN Thin Film Battery Economical production
Table 3-53 3-143
ITN Thin Film Battery Strengths
Figure 3-54 3-145
ITN Intelligent Process Control
Figure 3-55 3-146
Framework of Intelligent Processing of Materials
Figure 3-56 3-149
XRF Instrument Developed by ITN Used on a System
Figure 3-57 3-150
Thin Film Deposition
Figure 3- 58 3-150
ITP Thin-film Process
Table 3-59 3-151
Thin-film Process Capabilities
Table 3-60 3-152
ITNThin-film Material Processing Experience Metals
Table 4-1 4-4
Challenges in Lithium-ion Battery Design
Table 4-2 4-35
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties
Table 4-3 4-38
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-4 4-40
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-5 4-42
Thin Films For Advanced Batteries
Table 4-6 4-43
Thin Film Batteries Technology
Table 4-7 4-44
Thin Film Battery / Lithium Air Batteries Applications
Figure 4-8 4-45
Polymer Film Substrate Thin Flexible battery Profiles
Figure 4-9 4-46
Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries
Table 5-1 5-3
A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
Table 5-2 5-5
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued) 5-6
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued) 5-7
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Figure 5-3 5-19
Boston-Power Charge Curve
Figure 5-4 5-20
Boston-Power Discharge Curve
Figure 5-5 5-35
EnerDel Operations
Figure 5-6 5-36
EnerDel Lithium Power Systems
Figure 5-7 5-37
EnerDel Lithium Power USABC Contracts
Figure 5-8 5-38
EnerDel Lithium Power Think Projct
Figure 5-9 5-63
Sanyo Battery Targets 2020
Figure 5-10 5-65
Saft Sales Segments Half 1, 2008
Figure 5-11 5-67
Saft Revenue H1 2008
Figure 5-12 5-81
Ulvac Vacuum Pumps, Gauges, and Valves
Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ion batteries are poised to achieve significant growth as units become more able to achieve deliver of power to electric vehicles efficiently. Less expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveraging economies of scale and proliferation of devices into a wide range of applications. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, “Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ion battery nanotechnology advances needed to make lithium-ion batteries competitive. Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion research solves the issues poised by the need to store renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch price reductions are poised to drive market adoption by making units affordable.”
Nanotechnology results obtained in the laboratory are being translated into commercial products. The processes of translating the nanotechnology science into thin film lithium ion batteries are anticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs of science in the laboratory have only begun to be translated into life outside the lab, with a long way to go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ion batteries. Unlike any other battery technology, thin film solid-state batteries show very high cycle life. Using very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteries have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles with very limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles, 95% of the original capacity remained.
Then there is the problem of translating the evolving technology into manufacturing process. What this means is that the market will be very dynamic, with the market leaders continuously being challenged by innovators, large and small that develop more cost efficient units. Systems integration and manufacturing capabilities have developed a broad family of high-power lithium-ion batteries and battery systems. A family of battery products, combined with strategic partner relationships in the transportation, electric grid services and portable power markets, position vendors to address these markets for lithium-ion batteries.
Electric Vehicles depend on design, development, manufacture, and support of advanced, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Batteries provide a combination of power, safety and life. Next-generation energy storage solutions are evolving as commercially available batteries. Lithium-ion batteries will play an increasingly important role in facilitating a shift toward cleaner forms of energy.
Innovative approaches to materials science and battery engineering are available from a large number of very significant companies — GE, Panasonic Sanyo / Matsushita Industrial Co., Ltd., NEC, Saft, Toshiba, BYD / Berkshire Hathaway, LG Chem, Altair Nanotechnologies, Samsung, Sony, A123 Systems with MIT technology, and Altair Nanotechnologies.
Markets for lithium-ion batteries at $911 million in 2008 are anticipated to reach $9.1 billion by 2015, growing in response to decreases in unit costs and increases. Lithiumion batteries used in cell phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools are proving the technology. Units are shipped into military markets and are used in satellites, proving the feasibility of systems. Small, lithium-ion prismatic batteries prove the feasibility of this technology. The large emerging markets are for hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewable energy systems.
Report Methodology
This is the 399th report in a series of market research reports that provide forecasts in communications, telecommunications, the internet, computer, software, and telephone equipment. The project leaders take direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have significant experience preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on primary research and proprietary data bases. Forecasts reflect analysis of the market trends in the segment and related segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed through consideration of dollar volume of each market participation in the segment. Market share analysis includes conversations with key customers of products, industry segment leaders, marketing directors, distributors, leading market participants, and companies seeking to develop measurable market share. Over 200 in-depth interviews are conducted for each report with a broad range of key participants and opinion leaders in the market segment.
Table of Contents :
Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Executive Summary ES-1
Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Driving Forces ES-1
Market Driving Forces ES-2
Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries ES-7
Competitors ES-7
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares ES-7
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts ES-9
1. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery
Market Description and Market Dynamics 1-1
1.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets 1-1
1.1.1 Project Better Place and the Renault-Nissan Alliance 1-2
1.1.2 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry 1-3
1.1.3 Electric Grid Services Market 1-4
1.1.4 Portable Power Market, Power Tools 1-5
1.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies Transportation
Industry Target Market 1-7
1.3 Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization 1-11
1.3.1 Local Energy Storage Benefit For Utilities 1-12
1.4 Applications Require On-Printed Circuit
Board Battery Power 1-13
1.4.1 Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries 1-13
1.5 Smart Buildings 1-14
1.5.1 Permanent Power for Wireless Sensors 1-16
1.6 Battery Safety / Potential Hazards 1-17
1.7 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction 1-18
1.8 Battery Is Electrochemical Device 1-20
1.9 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy 1-21
1.9.1 Characteristics Of Battery Cells 1-21
1.9.2 Batteries Are Designed Differently For Various Applications 1-23
2. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Market
Shares and Market Forecasts 2-1
2.1 Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Driving Forces 2-1
2.1.1 Market Driving Forces 2-2
2.1.2 Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion Batteries 2-7
2.1.3 Competitors 2-7
2.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares 2-7
2.2.1 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical 2-10
2.3 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts 2-11
2.4 Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Shares 2-14
2.4.1 BYD 2-16
2.4.2 Johnson Controls-Saft 2-16
2.4.3 Saft Battery Technologies 2-17
2.4.4 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 2-17
2.4.5 NEC and Nissen 2-19
2.4.6 LG Chem 2-20
2.4.7 EnerDel 2-20
2.4.8 Competition 2-20
2.5 Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion
Battery Market Forecasts 2-21
2.5.1 Largest Target Market, The Transportation Industry 2-25
Thin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV Market 2-27
Thin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer Automotive Batteries 2-27
2.6 Thin-Film and Printed Batteries: On-Board
Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 2-29
2.6.1 Solicore Tiny Flat Battery 2-31
2.6.2 Thin-Film, Organic, and Printed Batteries:
On-Board Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 2-32
2.7 Cell Phone, Communications, And PC Lithium-Ion
Battery Technology Markets Discussion 2-33
2.7.1 Samsung SDI 2-33
2.7.2 BYD 2-33
2.7.3 Saft 2-33
2.7.4 Portable Power Competition 2-34
2.8 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable Power
Market, Power Tools Market Shares 2-34
2.8.1 A123 Systems 2-36
2.9 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable Power,
Power Tools Market Forecasts 2-37
2.10 Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Electric
Grid Services Markets 2-40
2.10.1 Electric Grid Services 2-42
2.11 Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market Positioning 2-43
2.11.1 US And Its Allies Are Changing The Military Landscape 2-48
2.12 Digital Device Battery Forecasts 2-51
3. Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Product Description 3-1
3.1 A123 Systems 3-1
3.1.1 A123 Systems Lithium Ion Cell Construction
Based On A Dual Plate Tubular Design 3-4
3.1.2 A123Systems 32 Series Automotive Class
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 3-5
3.1.3 GM and A123Systems Co-Develop
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt 3-11
3.1.4 A123Systems / GE Production Contract for
Norewegian Think Electric Vehicles 3-12
3.1.5 A123Systems Patent for Nanophosphate™
Lithium Ion Battery Technology 3-14
3.2 LG Chem 3-15
3.2.1 LG Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Battery 3-15
3.2.2 LG Lithium-ion Polymer Battery 3-15
3.2.3 LG Lithium-ion Battery Prismatic Type 3-17
3.2.4 LG Chem 3-17
3.3 SAFT 3-18
3.3.1 Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries 3-18
3.3.2 Saft is Li-ion Batteries For Commercial
GEO Satellites to JSC ISS of Russia 3-19
3.3.3 Saft Contract To Power Hybrid Electric Mobile
Utility Systems From Titan Energy Development 3-21
3.3.4 Saft and ABB Develop New High Voltage Li-ion
Battery System 3-22
3.3.5 Saft Hybrid Battery Technology for Wisconsin Clean Energy 3-24
3.3.6 Saft High-Energy Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Batteries For Raytheon 3-25
3.3.7 Saft Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery Backup Systems 3-25
3.3.8 Saft Energy Storage As A Key
Renewable Energy Enabling Technology 3-26
3.3.9 Saft / Solion Large Li-ion batteries 3-27
3.3.10 Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-So2) Batteries 3-31
3.3.11 Saft Lithium Technologies 3-32
3.3.12 Saft Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) 3-32
3.3.13 Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) – LS/LST/LSG cell ranges 3-35
3.3.14 Saft Small LS/LST bobbin cells 3-36
3.3.15 Saft Large LS/T bobbin cells 3-38
3.3.16 Saft Lithium-Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2) 3-43
3.3.17 Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) 3-43
3.4 BYD 3-50
3.4.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 3-50
3.4.2 BYD Battery Expertise 3-52
3.5 Panasonic / Sanyo 3-53
3.6 Samsung 3-54
3.7 Ener1 / EnerDel 3-55
3.7.1 EnerDel Lithium-Ion Prismatic Design 3-56
3.7.2 EnerDel Addressing Market Demand for
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) 3-56
3.7.3 EnerDel 5Amp Battery Pack 3-60
3.8 Imara 3-60
3.9 ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen Chemical 3-62
3.9.1 Tonen Chemical Leading Supplier Of Separators
For Lithium Ion Batteries 3-63
3.10 NEC 3-63
3.10.1 Nissan and NEC Group 3-64
3.10.2 Nissan And NEC Joint Venture 3-65
3.10.3 NEC High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Employ A Compact Laminated Configuration 3-66
3.10.4 NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese Batteries 3-67
3.10.5 NEC Lamilion Energy 3-68
3.10.6 NEC Subaru 3-68
3.10.7 NEC Thin Film Battery Has Sixteen Modules
Consisting Of Twelve Cells, Serially Connected 3-69
3.10.8 NEC / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat Shape 3-69
3.11 Sony 3-71
3.12 Matshushita Industrial Co., Ltd. (Panasonic) 3-73
3.12.1 Panasonic Lithium Batteries 3-74
3.12.2 Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries 3-75
3.13 E-One Moli Energy 3-79
3.13.1 Product Data Sheets 3-81
3.14 QuantumSphere 3-82
3.15 Solicore Ultra Thin-Film Battery 3-84
3.15.1 Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Batteries 3-86
3.15.2 Solicore Flexion Lithium Powered Cards 3-87
3.15.3 Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Devices 3-89
3.15.4 Solicore’s Flexion® Batteries Bluechip Million Unit Purchase 3-90
3.15.5 Solicore Supports Smart Cards 3-91
3.16 Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid-State, Rechargeable
Thin-Film Batteries 3-92
3.16.1 Cymbet Enerchip™ Sensors Support 3-94
3.17 Front Edge Technology 3-95
3.18 Excellatron Thin-Film Micro-Batteries 3-95
3.18.1 Contrast To Conventional Lithium Cells 3-95
3.18.2 Excellatron Market Advantage 3-97
3.18.3 Excellatron Battery Current State of the Art 3-99
3.18.4 Excellatron Battery Intrinsically Safe 3-101
3.18.5 High Temperature Performance of
Excellatron Thin Film Batteries 3-101
3.18.6 Excellatron Long Cycle Life 3-109
3.18.7 Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for Thin Flexible Profile 3-111
3.18.8 Excellatron Unique Proprietary Passivation
Barrier and Packaging Solution 3-113
3.19 Front Edge 50,000 Prototypes Of Nanoenergy Batteries 3-117
3.19.1 Front Edge Technology (FET) 3-117
3.20 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Flexible Thin-Film Batteries 3-127
3.20.1 Infinite Power Solutions 3-129
3.21 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy 3-130
3.21.1 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film Batteries 3-132
3.22 Energizer 3-132
3.22.1 Energizer Holdings 3-133
3.23 Valence 3-134
3.23.1 PVI for Valence’s U-Charge(R) XP Energy Storage Systems 3-134
3.23.2 Valence Lithium Phosphate 3-135
3.23.3 Valence Lithium Phosphate Stability and Dependability 3-137
3.23.4 Valence Safety Focus 3-137
3.23.5 Valence Lithium Phosphate Alternative to Lead-Acid 3-138
3.23.6 Valence Lithium Phosphate Storage and Run-Time 3-138
3.23.7 Valence Lithium Phosphate Safety and Maintenance Free 3-138
3.24 ITN Energy Systems 3-139
3.24.1 ITN Intelligent Processing, Sensors, & Controls: 3-142
3.24.2 ITN Control: 3-144
3.24.3 ITN Sensors 3-147
3.24.4 ITN Unique Sensors: X-Ray Fluorescence And
Parallel Detection Spectroscopic Ellipsometer 3-148
3.25 ULVAC 3-159
3.26 Intersil 3-159
4. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Technology 4-1
4.1 Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy 4-1
4.1.1 Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Characteristics 4-2
4.2 Challenges in Battery Design 4-3
4.2.1 Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries Requirements 4-7
4.3 Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning 4-8
4.3.1 High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing Facilities 4-10
4.4 Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-11
4.5 Mobile Phone Industry 4-12
4.5.1 Nanowires 4-13
4.5.2 Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries 4-13
4.5.3 The Cathodes 4-14
4.5.4 Solid State Devices Provide More Energy Density 4-14
4.6 Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries 4-15
4.6.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings 4-18
4.6.2 Charging 4-19
4.6.3 Applications 4-19
4.6.4 Costs 4-20
4.7 Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants 4-20
4.7.1 Lithium-ion 4-21
4.7.2 Lithium-ion Polymer 4-22
4.7.3 Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry Variants 4-23
4.7.4 Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2 4-23
4.7.5 Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4 4-23
4.7.6 Lithium Nickel LiNiO2 4-24
4.7.7 Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese – Li(NiCoMn)O2 4-24
4.7.8 Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4 4-24
4.8 Operating Performance Of The Cell Can Be Tuned 4-25
4.9 Lithium Metal Polymer 4-26
4.9.1 Lithium Sulphur Li2S8 4-26
4.9.2 Alternative Anode Chemistry 4-26
4.10 ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen Chemical
Polyethylene-Based, Porous Film 4-27
4.11 Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing 4-27
4.12 Thin-Film Batteries Packaging 4-27
4.13 ITN Energy Systems Fibrous Substrates, PowerFiber 4-28
4.13.1 ITN Sensors 4-31
4.14 Cell Construction 4-32
4.15 Impact Of Nanotechnology 4-33
4.16 Thin Film Batteries 4-34
4.16.1 Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs 4-37
4.16.2 High Power And Energy Density 4-37
4.16.3 High Rate Capability 4-38
4.17 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance 4-39
4.18 Polymer Film Substrate 4-45
4.19 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte 4-46
5.1 Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion Company Profiles 5-1
5.1 Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion 5-1
5.2 A123 Systems 5-1
5.2.1 A123 Systems Revenue 5-1
5.2.2 A123Systems Registration Statement for Initial Public Offering 5-2
5.2.3 A123 Systems Batteries Benefits 5-2
5.2.4 A123 Systems Competitive Advantage 5-4
5.2.5 A123 Systems Strategy 5-7
5.2.6 A123Systems and GE 5-8
5.2.7 A123 Acquisition of Hymotion 5-9
5.2.8 Procter & Gamble Duracell and A123 Systems Collaborate 5-10
5.2.9 Cobasys and A123 Systems 5-10
5.3 Advanced Cerametrics 5-11
5.4 Altair Nanotechnologies 5-12
5.4.1 Altair Nanotechnologies Power and Energy Group 5-12
5.4.2 Altair Nanotechnologies Performance Materials Division 5-12
5.4.3 Altair Nanotechnologies Life Sciences Division 5-14
5.4.4 Altair Nanotechnologies One-Megawatt Battery
System Available for Commercial Operation by AES
Energy Storage, LLC 5-14
5.4.5 Altair Nanotechnologies Revenues 5-15
5.5 Applied Data 5-16
5.6 Bekaert 5-16
5.7 Robert Bosch GmbH 5-17
5.8 Boston Power / Sonata 5-17
5.9 BYD 5-21
5.9.1 Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake In BYD
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 5-21
5.10 Cymbet 5-23
5.10.1 Cymbet Thin-Film, Solid-State Battery Technology 5-23
5.10.2 Cymbet and ANT Wireless Sensor Network 5-23
5.10.3 Garmin International ANT™ Wireless Network 5-25
5.11 Dow 5-25
5.12 E-One Moli Energy Group 5-26
5.13 Ener1 5-27
5.13.1 Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue 5-27
5.13.2 Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally
Pioneered By Argonne National Lab 5-30
5.13.3 Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Korean
Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer 5-31
5.13.4 Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing
Large Format Flat (“Prismatic”) Cells 5-32
5.13.5 EnerDel Operations 5-34
5.14 Energizer 5-39
5.15 Excellatron 5-44
5.16 Exon 5-45
5.16.1 ExxonMobil Chemical / Tonen Chemical Corporation 5-46
5.17 Front Edge Technology (FET) 5-47
5.18 GE 5-47
5.18.1 GE Global Research 5-48
5.18.2 GE Energy Financial Services 5-48
5.19 GM 5-48
5.19.1 General Motors Faces Bankruptcy 5-50
5.20 Ignite 5-51
5.21 IPS 5-51
5.22 Johnson Controls-Saft 5-52
5.23 KSW Microtec 5-52
5.24 LG Petrochemical 5-53
5.24.1 LG Chem 5-54
5.25 MMT Funds 5-54
5.26 NEC 5-54
5.26.1 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., NEC, And Subsidiary
NEC TOKIN Joint-Venture Company – Automotive
Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) – 5-55
5.26.2 First Commercial Application For AESC’s Li-Ion Batteries 5-57
5.26.3 NEC TOKIN Lithium-Manganese Electrodes by 2009 5-59
5.26.4 Nissan Partnership With NEC 5-59
5.26.5 NEC Lamilion Energy 5-60
5.27 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy 5-60
5.28 Panasonic / Sanyo 5-61
5.29 QuantumSphere 5-63
5.30 Saft 5-64
5.30.1 Saft Battery Technologies 5-66
5.30.2 Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG) 5-68
5.30.3 Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG) 5-69
5.30.4 Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems (RBS) 5-71
5.30.5 Saft Research and Development 5-71
5.30.6 Johnson Controls-Saft United States Advanced
Battery Consortium (USABC) 5-72
5.31 Samsung 5-73
5.32 Solicore 5-73
5.32.1 Solicore’s Flexion® Batteries Bluechip Million Unit Purchase 5-74
5.32.2 Solicore Embedded Power Solutions 5-75
5.33 Think 5-75
5.34 Valence 5-76
5.34.1 Valence Strategy 5-77
5.34.2 Phases Of Valence Business Strategy 5-78
5.35 Ulvac 5-80
Tables and Figures
Table ES-1 ES-4
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table ES-2 ES-6
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure ES-3 ES-8
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure ES-4 ES-10
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 1-1 1-3
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable Batteries
Figure 1-2 1-8
BMW’s Mini E Electric Car Powered By A Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery
Table 1-3 1-9
Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Figure 1-4 1-19
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Table 1-5 1-22
Characteristics Of Battery Cells
Table 2-1 2-4
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces
Table 2-2 2-6
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries
Figure 2-3 2-8
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-4 2-9
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-5 2-12
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-6 2-13
Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion
Battery Market Forecasts, Automotive, Power Tools,
Electric Grid, and PC Card, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-7 2-14
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-8 2-15
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-9 2-21
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-10 2-22
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015
Figure 2-11 2-23
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-12 2-30
Worldwide PC Card On Board Lithium-Ion Batteries
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-13 2-35
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Table 2-14 2-36
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008
Figure 2-15 2-38
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Battery Portable Power
Tool and Advanced Portable Battery Shipments,
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Figure 2-16 2-41
Worldwide Electric Grid Lithium-Ion Battery
Storage Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015
Table 2-17 2-45
Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,
Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry
Table 2-18 2-47
Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport
Power Systems
Table 2-19 2-49
Requirements For Advanced Power Sources In A
Variety Of Military Applications
Table 2-20 2-50
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key Advantages
Table 2-20 (Continued) 2-51
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key Advantages
Figure 3-1 3-2
A123 Systems Lithium Ion Battery
Table 3-2 3-3
A123 Systems APR18650M1 Features
Figure 3-3 3-4
A123 Systems lithium ion battery Cells: 26650
Figure 3-4 3-5
A123 Cells: 32 Series
Figure 3-5 3-7
A123 Systems Hybrid Characteristics
Figure 3-6 3-8
A123 Systems Hybrid Discharge Characteristics
Table 3-7 3-9
A123 Systems Benefits…
Table 3-8 3-10
A123 Systems Heavy Duty Custom and Standard Solutions
Figure 3-9 3-16
LG Chem Lithium-Ion Batteries
Table 3-10 3-32
Saft Lithium Technologies
Table 3-11 3-33
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications
Table 3-11 (Continued) 3-34
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications
Figure 3-12 3-35
Saft Non Rechargeable Battery
Table 3-13 3-39
Saft Lithium-Ion Construction Features
Table 3-14 3-40
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Benefits
Figure 3-15 3-42
Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-SO2) Batteries
Table 3-16 3-44
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-45
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-46
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-47
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-48
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Table 3-16 (Continued) 3-49
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations
Figure 3-17 3-57
EnerDel Automotive Battery
Table 3-18 3-58
EnerDel Lithium Ion Battery System for HEVs
Table 3-19 3-59
EnerDel Automotive Battery Features
Table 3-20 3-60
Imara Thin Film Battery Cells
Figure 3-21 3-65
NEC Fuel Cells and Catalysts
Table 3-22 3-72
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
Rechargeable Battery
Table 3-22 (Continued) 3-73
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
Rechargeable Battery
Figure 3-23 3-74
Panasonic Lithium Batteries
Figure 3-24 3-75
Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargable Batteries
Table 3-25 3-76
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries Features:
Table 3-26 3-76
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries
Table 3-27 3-77
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries
Table 3-28 3-85
Solicore Flexion Battery Product Features:
Table 3-29 3-86
Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Applications
Table 3-30 3-87
Solicore’s Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Uses
Figure 3-31 3-88
Solicore Flexion High Temperature Batteries Survive Lamination
Table 3-31A 3-89
Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Applications
Table 3-32 3-96
Excellatron Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Features
Table 3-33 3-97
Excellatron Battery Advantages
Table 3-34 3-99
Excellatron Battery Thin Film Solid State Battery Components
Figure 3-35 3-102
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge Profile at 25ºC.
Figure 3-36 3-103
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge
Profile At 150ºC.
Figure 3-37 3-104
Excellatron High Temperature (150ºC) Charge And
Discharge Capacity
Figure 3-38 3-106
Excellatron Capacity And Resistance Of Thin Film Battery
As A Function Of Temperature
Figure 3-39 3-106
Excellatron’s Battery (0.1 mAh) Discharged By A 100 mA
Pulse at 80ºC.
Figure 3-40 3-108
Excellatron High Rate Pulse Discharge
Figure 3-41 3-109
Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Solid State Battery
Figure 3-42: 3-110
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Long Term Cyclability
Figure 3-43 3-111
Discharge Capacity Of Several Typical Cathode Materials
Figure 3-44: 3-112
Excellatron Thin film batteries deposited on a thin polymer substrate.
Figure 3-45 3-114
Excellatron Proprietary Passivation Barrier and Packaging
Table 3-46 3-115
Comparison Of Battery Performances
Figure 3-47 3-131
Oak Ridge Construction of a Thin Film Battery
Table 3-48 3-136
Key Features of Valence Lithium Phosphate Technology
Table 3-49 3-139
ITN Commercial Markets:
Figure 3-50 3-140
ITN Thin Film Battery:
Table 3-51 3-141
ITN Thin Film Battery Design Features/Advantages
Table 3-52 3-142
ITN Thin Film Battery Economical production
Table 3-53 3-143
ITN Thin Film Battery Strengths
Figure 3-54 3-145
ITN Intelligent Process Control
Figure 3-55 3-146
Framework of Intelligent Processing of Materials
Figure 3-56 3-149
XRF Instrument Developed by ITN Used on a System
Figure 3-57 3-150
Thin Film Deposition
Figure 3- 58 3-150
ITP Thin-film Process
Table 3-59 3-151
Thin-film Process Capabilities
Table 3-60 3-152
ITNThin-film Material Processing Experience Metals
Table 4-1 4-4
Challenges in Lithium-ion Battery Design
Table 4-2 4-35
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties
Table 4-3 4-38
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-4 4-40
Comparison of battery performances
Table 4-5 4-42
Thin Films For Advanced Batteries
Table 4-6 4-43
Thin Film Batteries Technology
Table 4-7 4-44
Thin Film Battery / Lithium Air Batteries Applications
Figure 4-8 4-45
Polymer Film Substrate Thin Flexible battery Profiles
Figure 4-9 4-46
Design Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable Batteries
Table 5-1 5-3
A123 Systems Batteries Benefits
Table 5-2 5-5
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued) 5-6
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Table 5-2 (Continued) 5-7
A123 Systems Competitive Positioning
Figure 5-3 5-19
Boston-Power Charge Curve
Figure 5-4 5-20
Boston-Power Discharge Curve
Figure 5-5 5-35
EnerDel Operations
Figure 5-6 5-36
EnerDel Lithium Power Systems
Figure 5-7 5-37
EnerDel Lithium Power USABC Contracts
Figure 5-8 5-38
EnerDel Lithium Power Think Projct
Figure 5-9 5-63
Sanyo Battery Targets 2020
Figure 5-10 5-65
Saft Sales Segments Half 1, 2008
Figure 5-11 5-67
Saft Revenue H1 2008
Figure 5-12 5-81
Ulvac Vacuum Pumps, Gauges, and Valves
For More information please contact
http://w
Want to Live Extra Years?
read more
